Which of the following composers is associated with ballades from the 19th century?

Chopin is widely recognized for his contributions to the ballade form during the 19th century. His ballades are notable for their lyrical melodies, complex harmonies, and emotional depth, showcasing the Romantic era's emphasis on individual expression. The structure of Chopin's ballades often reflects a narrative quality, allowing the music to unfold in a way that tells a story, which is a characteristic feature of the genre.

Other composers mentioned, such as Beethoven, although influential in the development of many musical forms, did not specifically focus on the ballade in the way Chopin did. Vivaldi is known primarily for his concertos and operas from the Baroque period, while Schoenberg was instrumental in developing 20th-century atonal music and expressionism, diverging from the Romantic forms that Chopin explored.