What is the definition of Cambiata in music theory?

Cambiata, in music theory, refers to a specific type of melodic figure where a note moves down by a second to a dissonant pitch, typically followed by a resolution to a consonant pitch. This term embodies a melodic approach where dissonance serves a functional role in creating tension that resolves satisfyingly. The motion from a consonant pitch to a dissonant one enhances the expressive quality of the melody, allowing composers to create anticipation before resolving to a stable tone.

The other choices represent different concepts in music theory. A repeated melodic figure would refer to a motif or phrase that recurs, which is unrelated to the tension and resolution inherent in the Cambiata. A descending melody leading to a consonant pitch describes a different melodic movement focusing on resolution rather than the introduction of dissonance. Lastly, a chord progression sequence pertains to a series of chords played in a particular order, which is distinct from the melodic focus of the Cambiata. Thus, the defining characteristic of a Cambiata lies in its unique use of dissonance followed by resolution.