What does the fourth movement of a classical symphony typically represent?

The fourth movement of a classical symphony typically represents a fast tempo, often in the form of a rondo or sonata rondo. This movement is usually characterized by an upbeat, lively spirit that acts as a fitting conclusion to the symphony. The use of a rondo, with its recurring main theme interspersed with contrasting sections, contributes to the energetic and celebratory nature of this movement. Sonata rondo forms also blend elements of sonata form with the recurring themes typical of a rondo, allowing for both development and thematic cohesion.

In classical symphonies, this final movement is designed to provide a sense of resolution and satisfaction, often eliciting an emotional response from the audience. The fast tempo not only serves to engage listeners but also showcases the composer's skill in crafting intricate musical ideas, culminating in an exhilarating finish.